Melbourne and Kolkata are home to the oldest functioning tram systems globally. The tram network in Melbourne was set up in 1885, while Kolkata introduced its first tram, which was horse-drawn, in 1873.
Over the years, Kolkata's tram system has experienced a significant decline. The number of routes has decreased from 52 in the 1970s to 25 in 2015, and currently, only three routes remain operational.
The state government has recently declared its intention to eliminate trams altogether, except a minor loop designated as a heritage route. However, a determined coalition of tram advocates is actively opposing this decision.
Why Trams Only Lasted In Kolkata?
Kolkata's trams have persisted unlike those in other Indian cities due to several factors.
Road infrastructure
The city's narrow streets and historical buildings have limited the expansion of road infrastructure, making trams a practical transportation option.
Fare
Furthermore, the affordability of tram fares, which range from Rs 5 to Rs 10, has ensured accessibility for a diverse population.
Tram Library
In 2020, West Bengal Transport Corporation inaugurated India's first electric tram library - an amalgamation of two things Kolkata holds dear-- literature and trams.
In 2023, Kolkata commemorated the 150th anniversary of tram services in Kolkata. State Transport Minister Snehasish Chakraborty, along with other officials, marked this occasion by cutting a celebratory cake.
Popular mode of public transport
By the early 20th century, the tram network had expanded significantly (with 37 routes across Kolkata). The tram became a popular mode of public transport. It connected various parts of the city and beyond, including the Howrah section, which was linked via the Howrah Bridge.
Trams in films
The connection between Bollywood and trams can be traced from Satyajit Ray's Mahanagar to Sujoy Ghosh's Kahaani. In the 1964 film 'Mahanagar' (The Big City) by Satyajit Ray, the tram serves as a representation of the monotonous and laborious nature of urban life.